Zodzikongoletsera nthawi zonse zimakhala zokhudzana kwambiri ndi zochitika zakale komanso zaluso za nthawi inayake, ndipo zimasintha ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo ndi chikhalidwe ndi zaluso. Mwachitsanzo, mbiri ya maluso a Western imakhala ndi udindo wofunikira ku Byzantine, Baroque, rococo.
Mtundu wa Byzantine
Makhalidwe: Mawonekedwe otseguka golide ndi siliva, miyala yopukutidwa, yokhala ndi utoto wamphamvu wachipembedzo.
Ufumu wa Byzantine, umadziwikanso kuti Ufumu wa Kum'mawa kwa Roma, umadziwika chifukwa cha malonda ake akuluakulu mu zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi miyala. Kuyambira chachinayi mpaka zaka zakhumi zaka za zana, Byzantium anali ndi chuma chochuluka, ndipo malo ake ogulitsa mayiko ena omwe amagulitsa anthu ambiri anapatsa anthu ofera a ku Eldwine sanathe kufikira golide ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Nthawi yomweyo, ukadaulo wokometsera miyala yamtengo wapatali kum'mawa kwa ufumu wa Roma ku Eastern adafikanso pamtunda wamtali. Zojambulajambula zomwe tinalandira kuchokera ku Roma. M'mbuyomu Ufumu wa Roma, mitundu yatsopano ya zodzikongoletsera za utoto inayamba kuonekera, kufunikira kwa kukongoletsa kwamiyala yamiyala kunayamba kupitirira golide, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, siliva la Eboniite linagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri.
Golide ndi siliva skeletonization ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira za zodzikongoletsera za Byzantine. Chimodzi mwazinthu zosinthira bwino kwambiri za golide ku Byzantium adatchedwa oputasitimiya, yomwe inali kuyika matebulo kuti apange zolimbitsa thupi ndi zotsatira zothandiza kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera kwa zaka zachitatu malonda.
M'zaka za zana la 10 AD, njira yokonzera burn inapangidwa. Zodzikongoletsera za Byzantine zidabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuwotcha njira yazitsulo mwachisawawa kuti ipange chithunzicho pachitsulo pachitsulo, ndikuchotsa zodziwika bwino, mpaka Zenith.
Miyala yayikulu ya utoto imakhazikika. Ntchito ya Gemontine ya Gyzantine idapangidwa, miyala yopingasa yozungulira, yosanja (Cabochons) yomwe ili mu gobolo, gobosa wopaka, ndikuwala kwambiri kudzera m'miyala yamiyala yamiyala, ndi kumverera konse kwamiyala.
Ndi mtundu wachipembedzo wamphamvu. Chifukwa kalembedwe kazithunzi kwa Byzantine unayambira kuchokera ku Chikhristu, kotero mtanda kapena kukhala ndi nyama ya uzimu yomwe imatha kukhala yofala mu zodzikongoletsera za Byzantine.
Mitengo Yabwino Kwambiri
Makhalidwe: Waukulu, wamphamvu, wamphamvu komanso wokulirapo, pomwe akusefukira ndi ulemu ndi ulemu, zapamwamba komanso Grander
Mtundu wa baroque, womwe unayamba ku France pa nthawi ya Louis Xiv, ndi wopatsa chidwi. Panthawiyo, inali munthawi ya chitukuko cha chilengedwe ndi kufufuza kwa dziko latsopano, kupezeka kwa gulu la anthu a ku European pakati, ndikulimbikitsa kuyenda kwamkati, komanso kulimbana kwa kuyenda kwa kukonzanso. Mapangidwe ambiri owonetsera baroque ndi Sévignét brokkot, zodzikongoletsera zoyambirira kwambiri, zobadwira mkati mwa zaka za zana la 17. Wolemba ku France Madame de Sévign (1626-96) adapanga zokongola zamtunduwu zotchuka.
Chithunzithunzi chowoneka bwinokupangitsa, njira wamba mu zodzikongoletsera za Baroque. Kuwombera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya enamel pagolide kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1700 monga luso lamisili wotchedwa Jean Toutin (1578-1644).
Mtundu wa zodzikongoletsera za zodzikongoletsera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zokongoletsa zokongola, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi ntchito zambiri za enamel. Apa ndipamene enamell amatha kupezeka kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa zodzikongoletsera.
Njira yokongola ili imayenezedwadi ndi maluwa, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 17, panali maluwa omwe adapanga magazi onse a ku Europe ndikukumbukira. Poyambirira kuchokera ku Holland, duwa ili linali vumbulutso ku France: tulip.
M'zaka za zana la 17, amasambachinali chizindikiro cha anthu okwera kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake wokwera mtengo kwambiri, babu la tulip limatha kusinthidwa kuti likhale la Villa wathanzi.
Mtengo uwu ndi wodziwika bwino, tsopano tili ndi nthawi yofotokozera izi, yotchedwa bubble, ndi kuwira. Mtengo utasweka, mtengo wa mababu a Tulip adayamba kudyo, wotchedwa "tulip bubble".
Mulimonsemo, tulips akhala nyenyezi ya zodzikongoletsera za baroque.
Ponena za kukhazikitsidwa, iyi inali nthawi yomwe diamondi idakhazikitsidwa mu golide, ndipo musapeputse zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poika miyala ya ma diamondi ya m'ma 1800.
Zodzikongoletsera za nthawi ino muli tebulo lalikuluDulani Diamondi, ndiye kuti, The octahed Diamond Rait adadula nsonga, ndi gawo loyambirira kwambiri la diamondi.
Kotero zodzikongoletsera zambiri za baroque mukayang'ana chithunzizo zindikirani zakuda, koma chifukwa nkhope zake ndi ochepa kwambiri, kuyambira kutsogolo kwa diamondi sinathe kudutsa kutsogolo. Chifukwa chake, pepani imathanso kuonana ndi diamondi yambiri, chifukwa ndi chimodzimodzi.
Pazojambula zodzikongoletsera, baroque imapereka zotsatirazi: Waukulu, wolemekezeka, kuthamanga kwamphamvu, pomwe mukusefukira ndi olemekezeka, pang'ono ndi chipembedzo. Yang'anani pa mawonekedwe akunja a magwiridwe antchito, kutsindika mtundu wa kusintha ndi malo obwereketsa.
Munthawi yovutayi, mtundu wa ntchitoyi umakonda kudzipereka, zonyansa komanso zokongola, ndikuyamba kunyalanyaza zomwe zili mwakuya komanso zowoneka bwino. Mawonekedwe a Baroque adawululira mtundu wa rococo muzinthu zina.
Mtundu wa Rococo
Makhalidwe: Chikondwerero, asymmetry, sodidwe, kuyatsa, kusakomana ndi zovuta, "c" - "S".
Makhalidwe: Chikondwerero, asymmetry, sodidwe, kuyatsa, kusakomana ndi zovuta, "c" - "S".
"ROCOO" (rococo) kuchokera ku French Mawu a French Roccocle, zokongoletsera, ndipo pambuyo pake mawuwa amatanthauza mikango yaluso. Ngati mawonekedwe ake ali ngati munthu, kalembedwe ka roccoco kuli ngati mkazi.
Mfumukazi Marie waku France anali wokonda kwambiri ma rococo ndi zodzikongoletsera.
Mfumu Louis XV, mawonekedwe ake anali mutu waukulu wa khothi, ndizama komanso wamba, mlengalenga ndi wofatsa, kuti auze mphamvu ya dziko. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 18, makampani a France ndi zamalonda adayamba mwamphamvu ndipo adakhala kudziko lonse ku Europe, kupatula England. Makhalidwe ochezeka komanso azachuma komanso kupita patsogolo kwa moyo wa zinthu zakuthupi, chifukwa cha rococococo. Mtundu wa rococoko umapangidwanso mapangidwe a baroque asinthidwa mwadala kusinthidwa motsatira zotsatirapo zopepuka.
Mfumu Louis XV idachita bwino kumpando wachifumu, mu February 1745 tsiku lina anakumana ndi vuto zaka makumi awiri pa chikondi chenicheni - Akazi a Pompadour adatsegula gawo la rococococa la era yatsopano.
Mtundu wa rocococ umadziwika ndi: wowonda, wopepuka, wokongola, wokongoletsa bwino, wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino komanso mitundu yowala yopangira zokongoletsera.
Konzani zojambulajambula za Rococo zimajambula mawonekedwe ambiri achi China okongoletsa, ku France kuchokera ku Curve wa China, Maulamuliro Anch
Miyala sinagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi mafano, zipembedzo ndi zosonyeza zinthu zachilengedwe monga masamba, nkhata ndi mipesa.
Kupanga kwa kalembedwe ka rococo kwa kalembedwe ka baroque mwanjira yosinthidwa motsimikiza. Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za mawonekedwe a rocococ ndi abwenzi aluso, akulimbikitsidwa kuwona filimu yoimira "wamkulu kwambiri". Kanema wonse wochokera ku zodzikongoletsera kuti uvale kukongoletsa mkati mwake amawonetsa mawonekedwe ndi chithumwa cha rococo.
Zodzikongoletsera za Rococo zimapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa rose kudula diamondi, yodziwika ndi malo osanja ndi mawonekedwe atatu.
Mtundu wowoneka bwino unakhalabe wopanda pake mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1820s, pomwe zidasinthidwa ndi kudula anga kale, koma sizinakhumudwe konse, ndipo ngakhalenso zidapitilira zaka 100 pambuyo pake.
Makampani odzikongoletserawo adagundidwa ndi kufalikira kwa France mu 1789. Kenako bambo wina wocheperako adakhala mfumu ya France, ndipo ndiye Napoleon. Anadziwitsa kuti ulemerero wakale wa Ufumu wa Roma, ndipo mawonekedwe okazinga a Rococo adachoka padenga la mbiri yakale.
Pamwamba pa kalembedwe kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kokongola, amakhala ndi masitayilo osiyanasiyana, komanso kuti munthu azimva wina kapena wina, makamaka Barocal ndi rococo. Koma mulimonsemo, kalembedwe kawo, zakhudza kwambiri opanga aja kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.
Post Nthawi: Dec-03-2024